What is the difference between a Page Layout and Master Page in SharePoint?

A Page Layout is nothing but a template which when used in conjuncture with the Master Page gives the look and feel and contents of the page. Each page layout has an associated content type that determines the kind of content that can be stored on pages based on that page layout.

Master Pages and Page Layouts dictate the overall look and feel of your SharePoint site. Master Pages contain controls that are shared across multiple page layouts, such as navigation, search, or language-preference for multilingual sites. Page layouts contain field controls and Web Parts. All page layouts reference a master page that is based on the CustomMasterUrl property of the SPWeb class.

The top-level SharePoint Server site for a site collection hosted on SharePoint Server 2010 has a special document library called the Master Page and Page Layout Gallery. All Page Layouts and Master Pages are stored in this document library.

Reference: http://blog.beckybertram.com/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=71 (steps to create from VS)

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